Výzkumné studie
Analýza faktorů ovlivňujících
kolísání rychlosti chůze v městském prostředí s přírodními prvky |
| Byly zkoumány environmentální faktory, které
ovlivňují kolísání rychlosti pravidelné chůze
v městském prostředí. V první studii chodily
pokusné osoby (N = 106) po trase v Hradci
Králové. Trasa byla vedena ulicemi s větším
množstvím vegetace. Cílem bylo zkoumat vliv
různých uspořádání městské zeleně na kolísání
rychlosti chůze. V druhé studii osoby (N = 77)
hodnotily řadu fotografií pořízených na trase
chůze z první studie. Cílem bylo zjistit, které
environmentální faktory jsou prediktory preference
prostředí a zároveň, zda existují vztahy
mezi preferencí prostředí a kolísáním rychlosti
chůze v tomto prostředí. Výsledky ukázaly existenci
konzistentních vzorců kolísání rychlosti
chůze v průběhu trasy. K největšímu zpomalení
rychlosti chůze došlo v úsecích, které byly tvořené
dlouhou hustou alejí. Následné hodnocení
fotografií ukázalo, že tyto úseky se vyznačovaly
vyšším množstvím vnímané koherence, tajemnosti,
větším množstvím přírodních prvků a nejvyšším
stupněm hodnocené preference. |
| Klíčová slova: přírodní prvky ve městě,
rychlost chůze,
kognitivní prostorové dimenze |
Marek Franěk, Lukáš Režný (2014). Analýza faktorů ovlivňujících
kolísání rychlosti chůze v městském prostředí s přírodními prvky. Československá psychologie, 58(1), 14-30.
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| Analysis of factors affecting
variations in walking speed in urban
environment with natural elements |
Objectives. The present paper investigated environmental
factors influencing variations in walking
speed in an urban environment. In Study1
participants were asked to walk along a route in
the city of Hradec Králové. The aim was to investigate
the effect of various layouts of greenery
and natural elements on variations in walking
speed. In Study 2 participants evaluated a set
of photographs taken on the route. The aim was
to determine which variables are predictors of
preference of particular environment. Next, relations
between environmental preferences and
variations in walking speed were investigated.
Sample and setting. In Study 1 undergraduates
(N=106, 53 females, mean age=20.6) were
asked to walk around a street circuit located on
the edge of the historical area of the city Hradec
Králové. The route (length about 2 km) was
formed through the streets with a greater range
of greenery or with alleys. The route was divided
into 11 sections, in which the walking speed
was measured. Two directions of the walk on the
route were employed: direction A (from section
1 to section 11) and direction B (from section 11
to section 1). Subjects were asked either to walk
without any interruption (condition 1) or to stop
on marks located prior to the beginning of the
measured section (condition 2).
In Study 2 undergraduates (N=77, 42 females,
mean age=20.7), who took part in Study 1, were
invited to evaluate photographs of particular
parts of the walking route employed in the first
study. Participants were required to evaluate
individual sceneries by variables spaciousness,
refuge, enclosure, coherence, legibility, complexity,
mystery, openness, and amount of natural
elements. Next, they were asked to rate their
preferences for these sceneries.
Hypotheses. It was predicted that preference of
an environmental character of a section results
in slower walking speed in this section. It was
assumed that sections with higher amount of
greenery will be preferred most.
Statistical analysis. In Study 1 differences of
walking speeds in particular sections was analyzed.
Repeated ANOVA was used to detect which
variables affect walking speed. In Study 2 multiple
regressions were carried out to find the contribution
of particular variables to the preference
of particular scenery.
Results. The results revealed consistent patterns
of walking speed variations across all conditions.
The most conspicuous deceleration of
walking speed occurred in the sections, which
were formed by a long dense oak alley. The evaluation
of photographs showed that these sections
had higher amount of perceived coherence,
mystery, and natural elements. At the same time,
they were the most preferred.
Study limitation. The field study conducted in
real conditions does not enable full control of all
variables, e.g., various short-term weather changes
(sunshine, heavy cloud coverage, sudden |
| Keywords: urban nature,
walking speed,
cognitive spatial dimensions
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